Reactive Arthritis | Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

 Posted on June 05, 2023 in Uncategorized

Swelling or joint pain triggered by an intestinal, urinary, or genital infection is called Reactive Arthritis. Scientifically known as Reiter’s Syndrome, Reactive Arthritis can affect people of all ages, including children. While in most cases, symptoms of Reactive Arthritis last only 3 months to a year, people have also reported flare-ups for 12 months after the treatment of the autoimmune disorder. According to a report by the National Institutes of Health, every 5 out of 100,000 people have Reactive Arthritis in the United States. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment of Reactive Arthritis and explore the link between Reiter’s Syndrome and food poisoning.

Reactive Arthritis and Food Poisoning

When we eat or drink contaminated food or beverages, harmful bacteria, parasites, viruses, and toxins enter our system, causing infections such as food poisoning. In most cases, foodborne illnesses resolve within a few days. However, in other cases, food poisoning can lead to Reactive Arthritis. Reiter’s Syndrome due to food poisoning is commonly associated with the following bacteria:

1. Salmonella: The bacteria can enter your body via contaminated foods like raw meats, eggs, poultry, and unpasteurized dairy products like milk and cheese.

2. Campylobacter: Can be found in unpasteurized milk and dairy products, contaminated water, and undercooked poultry.  

3. Shigella: Is often transmitted through vegetables, fruits, shellfish, untreated water, and undercooked food.

4. Yersinia: Is usually found in contaminated meat (especially pork), water, and unpasteurized milk.

A Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak in 1984 infected approximately 432 police officers, out of which 27 were later diagnosed with acute Arthritis. While 50% of the police officers were able to successfully treat Arthritis, 18 of them had recurring symptoms of Reactive Arthritis throughout their life.

What Are the Causes of Reactive Arthritis?

Even though the primary cause of Reactive Arthritis is unknown, researchers say people with the HLA-B27(Human Leukocyte Antigen) genetic marker are at a higher risk of developing the condition. Sexually active males aged between 30 and 50 years are also more likely to develop Reiter’s Syndrome. People suffering from intestinal infections caused by Yersinia, Shigella, Campylobacter, Chlamydia, and Salmonella can also suffer from the autoimmune disorder.

What Are the Symptoms of Reactive Arthritis?

Reiter’s Syndrome symptoms can develop within 1 to 4 weeks following gastrointestinal infection. Common Reactive Arthritis symptoms include:

● Stiffness and Pain: Joint pain due to Reiter’s Syndrome occurs in the feet, ankles, knees, lower back, buttocks, and heels.

● Urinary Problems: Infectious Arthritis can increase discomfort and frequency of urination, causing inflammation of the cervix or prostate glands.

● Eye Inflammation: Reactive Arthritis can cause pain, redness, and inflammation in the eyes. This can lead to blurred vision, eye discomfort, and sensitivity to light.

● Swollen Fingers or Toes: The fingers and toes might get swollen.

● Low Back Pain: Lower back pain due to Reactive Arthritis tends to get worse in the morning or at night.

● Skin Problems: Reiter’s Syndrome can lead to skin diseases, including mouth sores, rashes on the palm and feet, and discoloration of the nails.

● Inflammation of Ligaments and Tendons: The feet’s sole and heel become inflamed, making it difficult for you to walk or stand.

Reactive Arthritis isn’t contagious. However, you must see a healthcare provider if you have developed joint pain within 20 to 30 days after being diagnosed with genital infection, diarrhea, or food poisoning.  

How Is Reactive Arthritis Diagnosed?

If you have any symptoms, the healthcare provider will conduct a thorough physical examination, ask you about your medical history, and test for Arthritis to diagnose Reiter’s Syndrome. The healthcare provider might also ask you to get an X-ray, CT (Computed Tomography) scan, blood test, Urinalysis, Arthrocentesis (Joint Aspiration), and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).

How Is Reactive Arthritis Treated?

Treatment for Reiter’s Syndrome can depend on your age, medical history, and symptoms. The following approaches are commonly used to treat Reactive Arthritis:

● Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen and ibuprofen are prescribed to alleviate pain and discomfort.

● Antibiotics are given to treat the infection.

● Corticosteroids help in reducing inflammation.  

● Gentle exercises to reduce stiffness, strengthen muscles, or improve joint mobility.

● Eye ointments or drops may be recommended to address eye inflammation.

● Apply cold or heat packs to get instant relief from pain.

Can I Prevent Reiter’s Syndrome?

Although genetic factors play an important role in whether you can develop Reactive Arthritis or not, there are lifestyle changes that you can make to reduce the risk of suffering from the autoimmune disorder. Here is what you have to do:

● Practice food safety by thoroughly washing your hands before cooking or eating and properly cooking poultry, meats, and eggs to avoid cross-contamination.

● Make sure to use condoms during sex.

● Regularly wash your hands with soap and water before handling food, using the restroom, and touching contaminated surfaces.

● If you develop a viral or bacterial infection, seek prompt medical attention and follow the prescription.

● If you have a family history of Reiter’s Syndrome, learn about the condition and be aware of the risk factors.

● Consult with your healthcare provider to ensure you are updated on your vaccinations.

Are You Looking for a Personal Injury Lawyer in Chicago?

Reactive Arthritis can be a consequence of food poisoning caused by bacteria like Yersinia, Campylobacter, Shigella, and Salmonella. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are required to manage the Reactive Arthritis symptoms and ensure that it doesn’t cause hindrance in your daily life.

Despite the awareness, most Reactive Arthritis cases go undiagnosed. So, suppose you or your loved one are suffering from acute joint pain and food poisoning. In that case, the personal injury attorneys at Newland & Newland, LLP can help you file a case against the negligent party and get a financial award to compensate for the missed days of employment, medical treatment, and mental and emotional stress.

Newland & Newland, LLP also serves clients in Arlington Heights, Libertyville, Crystal Lake, Joliet, and Itasca. Contact us or visit our website to find the right personal injury lawyer for your case.